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Headed to Sydney – Twice

November 2016

I was jogging north, while enjoying the waves lapping at the edges of Brisbane’s Moreton Bay, when my music was interrupted by a phone call from a Swedish sailing friend. He needed help. Thankfully, sailors’ favors usually involve low level advice, not organ transplants. He needed crew for the six hundred nautical mile trip from Brisbane to Sydney. I was just about to do that same passage on Two Fish. We both had thought our yacht shippers were leaving from Brisbane, only to have the departure city changed to Sydney. I agreed to help my friend, so in a short period of time, I would travel the Eastern Coast of Australia on Two Fish and repeat the passage on my friend’s fifty-two foot Baltic.

RQYS boat work (6 of 23)

One Fish off for professional servicing

In late October 2016, we finally left the RQYS dock for our trip to Sydney. Two Fish was clearly smiling as she had had a post-Pacific refit. Some new running rigging, a professional rig tune, sail maker attention to the suite of canvas, new flat screen autopilot, new engine exhaust elbows, new covering for the nav station chair, some cosmetic touch ups, power -leaned cushions, software updates for navigation systems, oil and filter changes, complete servicing for the dinghy, greasing of the furling gear and winches, varnished wheel, new navigation and courtesy lights, and an elbow-bending amount of scrubbing. Two Fish was ready for another ocean crossing.

Moreton Bay

Moreton Bay

Moreton Bay is full of marine life, despite being the backyard for Brisbane, a major city. Humpback whales use the calm waters to train their young calves. Vast quantities of blue jellyfish with symmetric tentacles arrive on a north wind. Locals will move the jellies by grabbing the top to avoid the stingers. Birds of many species have created homes in the shallow waters created by dredging. A few sparrows tried to nest in the boom of Two Fish. We worked hard on discouraging the birds but the best defense was raising the mainsail while out for a short trip. Moreton Bay is another spot on the coast that owes its naming to Cook; Lord Morton probably noticed the misspelling but no one else seemed to mind.

RQYS (royal queensland yacht squadron) (2 of 7)

Life at RQYS

It was difficult to finally leave the Royal Queensland Yacht Squadron because Two Fish had never stood still for longer during her three year existence. The club is serious about its sailing with five members participating in the most recent Olympic games. We saw Moths foil past and Wild Oats XII (Australia’s most famous sailboat) start an offshore race in front of the club. Club members encouraged us to join Wednesday racing and to untie Two Fish and visit distant and near anchorages.

On our final departure day, the engines purred as we navigated the narrow channel to exit the yacht basin. I think of Two Fish as a two hundred foot boat. We drop our sails very early and I like plenty of sea room from other boats. I am aware of how silly I must look as Wednesday racers come darting in and out of the harbor with only small margins for error. I used to sail like that, but the miles under the keel have warped my view of being almost at the dock. I joke that we put out our fenders for docking farther offshore than the average day sailor’s voyage. Our conservative approach is driven by the fact that every dock, channel, mooring field and anchorage has been brand new to us. I miss the comfort of sailing in my home waters of New York where we would sneak behind ferries and had memorized the current’s patterns.

After less than a mile, the main and screecher were gently pulling our twin hulls over the small waves to Peel Island, a sand island in the southern end of Moreton Bay. We anchored the boat in the lee of the island, making it a very comfortable anchorage. We were cruising again. No Uber. No WiFi. As I lowered the dinghy, I realized hikes, swimming and explorations were back on the menu.

Peel Island

Peel Island

We met a local sailor who was anchored in one foot of water as he had a lift-up keel. His small red boat did not require fancy hydraulics to lift the keel, just a simple rope. For a moment I thought his anchor was a stolen lawn ornament. He had the best spot in the anchorage – a short wade and he was onshore.

Australian weather tries to keep pace with the deadly reputation of Australian wildlife. Australia has the most deadly collection of snakes and also has experienced the most deaths in one yacht race. However, many Australian cruisers would tell me they were not brave enough to sail across the Pacific but they were comfortable circumnavigating their treacherous homeland. I was quick to inform them that I was more focused on the weather for the trip from Brisbane to Sydney than I had been for the entire Pacific Crossing. Australian weather has rough seas when the powerful ocean current transporting millions of gallons of sea water north conflicts with a strong breeze that tries to push the water back to the south. Waves start to resemble rolling hills and sailors wish they had chosen tennis as their pastime. Local sailors were bemused to find out that their trip to the southern island Tassie (aka Tasmania) was world-renowned for danger.

To enter sheltered rivers on the Australian East Coast, one must pass over a bar. These are sand bars, not bars that serve drinks with umbrellas.   A bar can become a dangerous mess (Video of Catamaran Surfing into Southport) when volumes of water are returning to the sea while the breeze is blowing onto the shoreline. In preparation for our trip South, I researched bar crossings. The guides offered the ominous tip that when you are in a dangerous bar you should never turn around – just keep going. Gail found online cameras to monitor these bars.   The cruising guide also rates the bars almost like a ski resort rates their trails in degree of difficulty. I plotted our potential duck-in entrances from bad weather, while triangulating the chance that the bar may become impassible. By the end of my efforts I was confused and over-prepared. Australian officialdom posts many signs near the waterways warning of the dangers of bar crossings, which did little to calm Gail’s nerves.

Southbound on Australian Coast2 (39 of 43)

Proper Lookout

There are two possible routes to Sydney from Moreton Bay. The first is to exit to the north, a longer but easier to navigate route. The second is to head south into a delta area with shallow spots and low power lines. We chose the more difficult second option since this path allowed us to explore backwaters. Power lines and sailboats are a poor mix as evidenced by warning stickers often found on masts. So I scoured all the data to see if Two Fish could safely navigate under the power lines.  The older cruising guides listed the wires at 23 meters, but a more recent document lowered the measurement to 20.3 meters, offering us only 1.5 meters of clearance.   In the USA, the power lines are much higher to prevent the power from arcing from the power lines onto the metal boat mast. I suppose the Australian electrical engineers do not see arcing voltage as a serious problem. A few drunks at the yacht club bar assured me “it was no problem mate” and that was enough reassurance for me. As we passed under the wires, Gail was quick to remind me not to hold onto anything metal. I steered the boat close to the power line tower and traveled at low tide to get the maximum distance between our masthead fly and the high voltage lines. The boat did not smolder, but we were now in dangerously shallow water. A quick turn got us back into the channel. We were now free to explore the Delta which was reminiscent of the Carolinas. Fish camps, small fuel stations, and tall reeds contributed to the Carolina look.

We tied up in a small marina and became local celebrities. Two Fish was huge compared to the local runabouts and consumed a slip meant for two boats. We spent the mornings jogging past corn fields and fish farms. I met a twenty-five year old guy who had bought his first motor trawler. It was wood and an old salt was offering him advice on anchoring, boat repair and docking. His eyes were wide open and I felt sympathy and jealousy for all the new surprises headed his way.

Beautiful Anchorage

Beautiful Anchorage

After sailing for over three years, we are no longer complete idiots, just partial idiots. And with that extra salt in the veins comes some amount of wisdom. I don’t claim to have discovered the meaning of life unlike other sailboat bloggers. I disagree with their opinion that world peace would occur if everyone was living on a sailboat. Judging by some VHF radio chats I think world war might come sooner with everyone afloat? Imagine if Kim Jung Un dragged anchor through a crowded harbor. I suspect his admonishment would be harsher than he gets firing missiles into the ocean.   What has changed with the passage of sea miles is that cruising gets easier. A pump wears out and an hour later, with little drama, the pump is replaced. When we are about to execute a complex maneuver, we talk it through and it goes smoothly. We know how to manage bad weather and we know how to do more of what we enjoy. For us year three has been a joy.

We left Steiglitz after exhausting the restaurant’s menu. When I arrive at a new port, I am full of excitement and optimism. We tend to leave when that feeling has been pushed aside with an annoyance. In Steiglitz, the birds were my nemesis. We were tied up beside a large tree which was home to many competing birds. At dusk they would create a collection of evil cackles that drove us inside to seek shelter. The birds also left calling cards on the deck that looked like melba toast. The birds pushed us out of town and farther down the delta.

As we headed farther south the scenery changed from swampy marsh to huge homes that must be either owned by sports stars or used in a reality TV show. We had reached Southport, the center of Australia’s Gold Coast. The farms were replaced with glitz; there were towns with dreamy names like Surfer’s Paradise and many places vying for your money in exchange for sunnies and thongs(sunglass and flip flops).   Our host for a few days was a power boating club whose members showed up in great numbers for club dinners. A box style gambling scheme arranged by the club was very popular with the members.   The winner took home thousands of dollars. The friendly boats sharing our dock also shared some great suggestions for our coastal journey.

Southport looks a lot like Broward County in Florida. This is not by coincidence; the developers had been inspired by the canal construction in South Florida. However, after the first bit of construction on the Gold Coast, the canals turned green with fetid water. A few Florida engineers were flown to Australia to make modifications to the drainage and construction and the canals turned blue.

We had reached the end of the sheltered route; our next steps would be in the ocean.

iOS Sailing Apps

In 1992, I (Jason) sailed from New York to Florida; our GPS was a white brick attached to the lifelines that only displayed a Lat and Lon.  It was not networked, it had no charts or graphics, but it seemed like wonder technology.  It cost $1,000.  Six days after leaving the dock it beeped at the right time for our approach mark to West Palm Beach.

Now iOS apps offer a myriad of features, including GPS. Many have been tested aboard Two Fish.   Here is a list of the must haves, the OKs and the duds.

I think blue water cruisers are much safer with a proper chart plotter at the wheel.  If there had been a chart plotter on team Vestas they might have avoided the reef.  However, iOS apps offer many features and cheaper pricing, so they can be a primary for a budget cruiser and a back up on a decked-out boat.

This post is rather long so here is the MUST HAVE LIST

  1. An anchor drag alarm:  Anchor
  2. NMEA data view (NMEA to wifi hardware required):   Edo Instruments by Seamantech
  3. Weather app:  Weather Track
  4. Navigation app: Navionics
  5. Reference Programs

 

Anchor Drag Alarm

Anchor

anchor-track-1-of-1The iOS app Anchor (link to iTunes store) best addresses our fear of dragging anchor while asleep on windy nights.   After dropping hook, you input into the app the distance to the anchor, the bearing to the anchor and the size of the safety circle.  It works without cell towers but if you are lucky enough to have an internet connection then you will see your location on a satellite view.  The photo to the left was taken without internet and in light air with current.  When the breeze built, the boat headed to the edges of the circle, but in light air we sat on the anchor.  The purple arrow is the anchor, the boat is Two Fish and the red circle  is the drag alarm range.  The great feature of this app is the ability to view the history of your location.  When you feel a big puff or a weird sensation in the middle of the night, you can quickly check the app and confirm the boat is still on the same arc.  I still go on deck to survey, but now my second wake up only requires a quick glance at the app.   A feature we don’t use because we often lack cell signal is messaging.  An iPhone with the Anchor app can SMS or email another iPhone onshore if the boat is dragging.  What do you do when you are four hours away on a hike and you get a message that the boat is dragging?  The only shortcoming of the app is a lack of an alarm for wind shifts.  This would be good in tidal streams or when you are counting on the trade winds.  The apps draws down the battery so we sleep with the iPhone plugged into our 12 volt USB outlets.  We have not experienced app crashes, but in tricky anchoring spots we will have both iPhones running the app.  Works on an iPad as well.  Must have app, will make anchoring much more relaxing.

Other apps we tested:

Boat Sentry:  This app was a runner up for our needs.  It has the ability to warn you of 180 degree shifts via a very flexible set of menus.  Not the easiest app to learn but powerful.  However it lacks the satellite view feature, which I found very useful when we had a internet connection.

Drag Queen:   Sassy name for the app but it lacks a graphical interface.  Prefer an easier format to read when being woken up at 2 am. Skip this app.

Our chart plotter has a simple anchor alarm but we do not use it because keeping the chart plotter on consumes too much electricity and the alarm noise is soft.  We bought our AIS for its low power anchor alarm but had to wait 3 years for the feature to become part of the software.  Even now, the iPhone alarms seem to dominate.

Wind Alarm

When anchored in Tonga, a gust hit our anchorage.  Our friends were woken up by an alarm warning them of the gusts.  The AIS confirmed that our friends were not dragging, but they saw another nearby boat traveling at 2.5 knots.  The other boat was dragging for sure.  We organized a rescue party and the boat was re-anchored.  Now on Two Fish we have a rule that 100% of the time at anchor or on a mooring ball we leave on the AIS and the wind alarm.   If I have anchored in light air, I will set the alarm at 25 knots.  If I am woken up and confirm all is good I reset the alarm at 5 knots higher.  With the AIS turned on we get two advantages: first, late night arrivals to the harbor can see Two Fish, and second, our instrument data is sent out via wifi, a segue into reviewing the group of  apps that can display wifi NMEA data on iOS. For non-techies, NMEA is the name for the data interface used to communicate between a boat’s data display instruments.

NMEA Data Viewer Apps

iRegatta

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I like the ability while sailing or at anchor to quickly look at key data.  Wind speed, depth and true wind angle are favorites.  iRegatta will display most NMEA data transmitted on a wireless IP address.  In other words, if your chart plotter or AIS or add-on device transmits the NMEA data wirelessly,  you can use this application.  It is a bit like a chart plotter in your pocket.  It will also show AIS targets and try to calculate your polars.  This did not work for me, but it might be my fault.   I have used the app for a few years and it is a must have for me but there may be a better solution.

Seamantech (EDO Instruments)

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I just started using EDO instruments by Seamantech.  I give it a 10 out of 10 rating.    It is early days, but I think it will displace my regular use of iRegatta because of its more pleasing layout.   The app can also efficiently calculate polars by  recording data (wind speed, wind angle and boat speed) while sailing.  Over time, with enough data, the app will plot the top speeds for each angle and wind speed.  The user can correct the app if you think the data was corrupted by current or by surfing a wave.  You can also create different polars for different sail plans so you can really know the cost of tucking in the second reef.  Sounds like I will be busy doing some data recording next season.

By the way, rumor is they are coming out with a brand new app.

Furuno Chart plotter App

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Furuno offers two apps that run on both iPhones and iPads.  After paying a king’s ransom for the hardware, the app is free.  The first is very useful and allows a duplicate image of the chart plotter to appear on the iPhone.  During my off-watch I enjoy checking on the helm without getting out of bed. Don’t worry, someone else is always at the helm on Two Fish.  I can see the radar and then change screens and see the chart with all of the wind data, course information, rudder angle and depth.  Whenever I connect the app, the chart plotter beeps, warning the helms person that big brother is spying.  I have disabled the ability for an app user to adjust the chart plotters.  This was a Gail requirement.  If you are lucky enough to have Furuno TZ’s, this gives you an extra chart plotter in the cabin, in the galley or even down in the bilge.  This is a most powerful app, but I only use it when sailing since I don’t want to run  the chart plotter while at anchor.  As a side note, I often notice large sport fish boats will leave their chart plotters on when docked with no one on board.  What’s up with that?  Furuno has another free app, NavNet Viewer, which streams data from the network.  It is passable but I prefer Seamantech’s viewer mentioned before.

Weather Apps

Most weather apps are driven by the same NOAA-produced GFS forecast data.  I have watched people open up four weather apps to reassure themselves of the weather for their upcoming trip, yet the apps are all using GFS data. So at times, what distinguishes them is presentation.

Some apps do allow a switch to the European model or the Canadian model.  For no good reason, we tend to prefer the GFS model. Additionally, Wind Guru and Predict Wind both massage the data, but I tend not to value their efforts.  I do not connect my iOS devices to the web while at sea, so I only use these apps while lingering onshore at our lunch stop before long trips.  If I see another sailor, we might grunt about the forecast being interesting, code word for lousy weather.

I do not value forecasts beyond 48 hours.  But we will delay if the forecast has seas on the nose of greater than 3 meters, wind on the nose of greater than 20 knots, and wind abeam or behind of greater than 35 knots.

Weather Track

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Weather Track has all of the data I need to plan a passage. Wind speed, wind gusts, wave height and direction, ocean current, rain, lightning and more.  I find the display easy to read.  The program does some smart fetching of data from different servers.  It also has a passage planning feature which I do not use, because I prefer Predict Wind’s routing.  At sea, Weather Track coupled with X Gate can retrieve recent forecasts via SSB or Iridium phones.  We use SailMail while at sea, so I can’t review this feature.   Ocean currents are included with Weather Track, a feature which many apps lack. The source is OSCAR which replaces my earlier tedious downloading of the PDF’s  from the government server. (click here to see my 2014 post describing our use of OSCAR in Brazil)  Feeding the data go straight into the app is deluxe.   Additionally, you can purchase more detailed currents from TideTech.   Weather Track is a must have application.

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Hurricane Tracker by Gencode:  We have tried to stay out of Hurricane regions, however, they can cross the path of the most careful sailor.  They arrive while your boat is on the hard or during a late trip down the US coast bound for the BVI.  We also watch the big hurricanes and hope they do not hurt our wonderful hosts on so many Caribbean islands.

Wind Guru

This app is rather ugly and was the benchmark years ago.  It looks like it is a shrunken web page rather than a full blown app. While visiting Uruguay we asked the Coast Guard about good weather since the national weather bureau was on strike.    The Coast Guard handed us a print out from the wind guru website.  The app market has moved on and this app is extinct and Windy replaces it with better presentation and more power.  We view this website when in one location wondering if it will be a windy week at anchor rather than for passage planning.

Windy

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Windy has a beautiful set-up and is good for single spot monitoring.  Is it going to be too windy at my anchorage this week for paddleboarding?  Will it rain during the shoreside BBQ?  These are important questions in my life.  I realize there are plenty of similar apps in this  crowded space but this one works best for me.  I wish it had radar and weather buoys.

Willy Weather

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Willy Weather has radar and tides.  Since the Furuno radar is pretty good at showing rain cells we do not use online radar too often.  However, when I am on smaller boats without radar it adds a nice measure of safety to have access to radar.  Tide tables are built into our chart plotter so we tend not to use other apps frequently for tide data.  In locations with massive tidal concerns I prefer to get the tide tables from the local authority.  We still carried an Eldridge guide while cruising the US east coast.

 

Predict Wind

2016-10-27_10-55-32This app does not compete with the above weather apps.  It has a few nice features that address the offshore sailor.  First the app works easily with Iridium Go.  This is one of its key features, so if you have a cell signal this app is less interesting.  Secondly the app does weather routing, which is only useful for longer trips.  If you have both of those needs I can recommend the app.  Its Iridium Go usage is efficient and it has a decent GRIB viewer.  The interface is much friendly than the free service from Sail Docs.  It lacks gusts in the weather planning module, which is a big oversight, In addition, the cost for a subscription is not tiny.

 

Navigation

Navionics

2016-10-27_15-43-18I use this app frequently for a variety of reasons.  It is great to have when onshore and another sailor tells you of a great bay or an unmarked sand bar.  The alternative, carrying your chart plotter, is not very easy.  I also do some light planning on the phone.  It has an auto router which I do not use, but it is good for a quick check.  Just tell it your start and finish and the router will honor all the appropriate markers.  It also has tides, moon, sun, simple weather data and a basic logbook.    For 22$ you can buy the entire Pacific islands. Raises the question of how long chart plotter companies can continue to kill us with such high prices.  Navionics also tries to have crowd sourced information but it pales in comparison to Active Captain.  They also have more detailed sonar charts which is pretty useful for those going down the ICW.  Must buy.

Blue Chart Mobile

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The only reason we bought Blue Chart Mobile is that it includes Active Captain.  It was convenient wile transiting the  ICW to have the anchorage, shoaling and other navigation warnings in my pocket.  Blue Chart has a friendly interface but leaves out key features to protect their chart plotter offerings.  The app does not display boat speed. Are you kidding me?  A sometimes useful feature is the ability to edit the position of user-input spots. For some reason, once a new spot is put on the Navionics chart, it can’t be altered. We have and use both apps but I prefer Navionics.  Buy this app if you value Active Captain data. There are some other Active Captain enabled apps (see the Active Captain website for the most recent list).

iNavX

2016-10-27_17-03-19Why in the world would I want a third mini chart plotter app?  iNavX offers two things that neither of the big brothers offer.  First, it can display raster charts containing the Explorer Chart guide to the Bahamas.  These guides are by far the best for Bahamian cruising.  This is superior to a hard copy book since it allows for the live location of Two Fish.  Secondly, iNavX can display my entire NMEA network data.  From wind speed to AIS targets.  Nice as another back up.  Recommendation: only buy if cruising the Bahamas.

 

Transas iSailor

2016-10-27_17-17-18Very little experience with this app since it costs a bunch to open up all the features. Pay for AIS, NMEA, charts etc.  Uses a type of vector chart common in the programmer’s home country of Russia.  App has a clean, yet not stunning interface.  Looks to have nice apple watch integration but I don’t have an apple watch. Recommendation: Get a more detailed review from a power user.

 

Marine Traffic

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Ever wonder where the boat you met a year ago has traveled to?  Want to know more about that huge ship that passed in the channel?  Marine Traffic uses AIS data to track other boats’ histories and additional data.  Add friends to the fleet and the app will tell you when they make a new landfall.  Does not help you navigate but helps you stay in touch.  Must have for amusement.

Marine Brazil

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This featureless app offers free raster charts for Brazil.  We carried it as a back-up for our time in Brazil but never used it.  Recommendation:  Its free, why not, if you are going to Brazil.

 

Tides Planner by Imray  There are several  tide planning apps and tide tables come with navigation apps.  But what is the data source?  My watch proudly announces the tides for our current location and it is often horribly off from reality.  Tides are very local and some apps try to use lat / lon to calculate tides via formulae.  That does not work.

Celestial Navigation

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EZ Sights and EZ Almanac  help make the complex game of celestial navigation less confusing.  The apps offer the user two approaches.  The first approach is to type in the observed angle of the object, and the rest is done for you in the app.  The second approach is to look through the same printed tables that are in the books and complete the calculations as if on paper.  I still struggle with either technique.  I do realize that if my iPad is key to using the sextant, I am not free from power failure vulnerability.   I bought the app to help me become a celestial navigator.  I have failed, but no fault is due to the app.

Logbook

I have tried WaveTrax and the log feature inside Navionics.  The former dedicated logbook app was a huge let down.  It is no longer in the app store for good reason.  Navionics’ log book feature is great for a two hour day sail, but if you run it for days it eventually crashes.  I wish Furuno had a logbook feature.  It seems like an easy app to write.   If any readers of the blog know of a better solution, drop me a line.  Until then, I will use the pen and store my GPX files from the Furuno.

NavPlay is a multi-feature navigation app which has a log book feature but I have been let down twice and am shy on spending fifty bucks for another flop.  I asked Gail if she wants to write our own logbook app.  Start the 7 year wait for the app.

Reference Books

Grog Knots

2016-10-27_11-23-19I forget key knots and can not spell but computers have come to my rescue.  Spell checker for one problem and Grog Knots for the other.  Easy to follow animations make rope klutzes into natural born bowline makers.  Carrying this “book” on the iPhone saves space on the book shelves.

 

 

Marine Chart Symbols by Imray

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As a US Coast Guard Vessel, we are required to carry a book that lists all of the chart symbols.  That makes this app redundant, but when bored it is fun to quiz yourself on odd chart symbols.  While on the topic of chart symbols, remember that green “land” is very dangerous.  It will can have a depth of less than one meter except it looks like normal navigable water.  It is easy to get confused when looking at the chart thinking the visible land is the end of the island and accidentally short cut across the shallow green area.   If you see green on the chart, think twice.  Not a required app to buy.

Starwalk

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When watching the phosphorescence illuminate your wake becomes boring, it is time to use Starwalk. Hold the app up to the stars and it will tell you the names of the objects.  You can impress your crew mates by identifying the planets, constellations and even the International Space Station.  Not a required app but what else are you going to do during the night on multi-day passages?

 

Barograph

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We use GRIB files frequently to keep ourselves out of nasty weather and the traditional barometer has taken a back seat.  Recently I have elevated the barometer in my weather tool kit.   Any iPhone 6 or later has a built-in barometer that was added not for weather forecasters, but to help in speeding up GPS fixes. Barograph is the only app I found that graphs the pressure, but it lacks a calibration feature.  I have compared the iPhone to four other sources and it seems within 2 millibars of the other sources.  Must buy if you have no other barometer on board.  My preferred barometer is my Garmin Fenix 3 watch and my least favorite is the fancy Weems and Plath.

Pocket Earth

2016-10-27_12-29-31Our friends from another Antares, Echo, tipped us off on this great app.  When hiking or exploring new towns, it is nice to have maps but often you have no cell signal or lack a local sim card.  Pocket Earth has decent maps which we used in the Galapagos, Las Perlas Islands and French Polynesia.  Very helpful when lost on a hike and the sun starts to dip. Just remember to download the data for each country while you still have wifi.

 

Boat Maintenance

SIM Yamaha:  A simple app that helps in the ordering of parts for our reliable outboard.  Helps finding part numbers.  It is free so you might as well use it if you have a Yamaha.

Volvo Penta Dealer Locator:  Saves time when looking for a real Volvo dealer.  We are picky when we ask for professional help on our engines.  Only pros are allowed on board. It doesn’t have all the dealers, but it is a good start.

Boat Owners Mechanical and Electrical Manual by Nigel Calder:  Originally this book was made into an app but now it is for sale in e-book format.  I would prefer the hard copy but if you are low on space, at least travel with the e-book.

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Boater’s Pocket Reference is another book to app transformation.  It is good but I would hold off if you have a strong boat library on board already.

Travel

2016-10-28_14-03-27The Islands of Tahiti: Official Guide is a government sponsored ad for tourism.  If you travel to buy a T-shirt and go to Hard Rock this is the app for  you.  Else, stick with Soggy Paw’s compendiums.  They are much better and written by and for cruisers.  They are simple PDF’s but will enhance your Pacific crossing.

 

 

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Antoine in the Tuamotos Islands:  Antoine is “the famous singer / sailor in the yellow catamaran Bannana Split”.  I bought this app for comedic value but it fell short.  Again, stick with the compendiums.

 

Collins English French Dictionary  A French, Spanish and Portuguese dictionary have all been used on Two Fish.  I will never forget the word for garden hose in Spanish or thank you in Portuguese.  Looking foolish in foreign languages is one of the reasons I enjoy travel.

Sail Fiji is another travel app that is less useful than the Fiji compendium by Soggy Paws.  To make maters worse they charge you twice to buy the app for east and west.  Decent charts but not a great app for 60 bucks total.  Save the money and buy kava root and ask the locals where to go next.

Number Crunchers

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Boating Calcs:  Can’t track the formula for hull speed or working load? Want to understand the math behind heading to steer vs course made good?  This app will answer those questions and many more.  The app is better for ending disputes at the bar rather than a critical or practical app.  Not a must have but a fun to have.

Beaufort Wind Scale:Some weather forecasts only give “the wind will freshen to force 5”.  In many of the Commonwealth countries they use this terminology on the local news.  However, as NYers, this is a foreign language and this app is no more than a colorful cue card.  Plenty of other places contain this information, but this one is easy to access.

North Sailing Simulator

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You control all the sheets, vang and more on the classic J35 mono hull.  The app scores your set up.  Tweak again and you can get closer to 100%.  Give up and the app will show you the 100% setup.  Then try again with a different wind strength and angle.  The app is kind of useless for catamaran sailors.  Take a pass unless they add a cruising cat.

 

This is by no means a comprehensive list and wasn’t meant to be a complete research project. But, if you are short on time to search for the ultimate app, I hope this list gives you a good start so you can spend more of your time on the water.

 

 

 

 

Roller Furler – How to keep it rolling

Two Fish has a Furlex brand furler to manage both the genoa and the rarely used jib. Furling headsails allows a single person to manage the sail plan safely from the confines of the cockpit. No clipping in and roaming the decks in the middle of the night. Gail can easily shorten sail when a threatening storm is detected as an orange blob on the radar.

It is the current fashion for boats to hide the furling mechanism below decks, resulting in a modern look. However, I would consider this a liability on a blue water cruiser. I want a bullet-proof, easy to access furler.

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A genoa furler is a bit like a toothbrush, we have used one for years, but, are we using it correctly? Well, here comes a lesson but without novicaine.

 

  • When furling or reefing, head downwind.   The lower apparent wind reduces loads and is kinder on the furling apparatus. A power winch is strong enough to furl while sailing hard on the wind, but at some point it will break your furler. The bearings will seize when you are entering a windy marina or at some other inconvenient time.

 

Aluminimum Foil Inside the aluminium furler foil is a traditional headstay. This wire holds up the mast, not the aluminum foil. The foil spins around the hidden wire headstay. The lower drum has to be attached to this foil to allow it to rotate. There are two large bolts at the top of the lower drum that are screwed into the foil. It is worth tightening these bolts to avoid having the drum come free and lose foil rotation. We experienced the wander bolts; not so much fun, so now we carry spares if any bolts go swimming.

 

  • Another bolt to check is hidden under the drum. This bolt and plastic plate hold the entire drum in place. If this bolt is loose the furling line will come out but the drum will not spin. This bolt is shy and will only come loose on a dark stormy night so check it while the weather is fair.

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  • A sail can be furled clockwise or counter-clockwise but only one direction will have the UV protection showing.   Try the wrong way and your sail will look like a barber shop poll. The foil has two tracks. The manual suggests using the track opposite the sail’s first contact on the foil. It is not going to materially impact the furling if fed via the wrong track.

Two tracks in foil

  • When the sail is stowed, I like to have five wraps around the drum. Too few wraps and when you stow the sail under load you will run out of furling line.   We have avoided that horror show. Too many wraps and the jib will not fully deploy as the drum gets too full of line. I recently upgraded the furling line to a narrower 10 mm spectra so I may be able to carry more wraps and should have less friction in the furling system.
  • This should be rule #1. When furling and the winch sounds odd, STOP. Really STOP. Go look at sail, drum, furling line, sheet, halyard at the head and anything else. Then go look a second time. Your ears are not wrong; something needs to be fixed.   You can save time by holding down the electric winch button and after a few seconds you will hear something break. That later technique is more expensive, but is popular. Power winches are evil.   A halyard around the forestay coupled with a power winch can destroy the foil and place huge stress on the forestay. Now you seem very interested in knowing the causes of a wrapped halyard.   A loose halyard, poor greasing of the top drum or using a smaller sail without a pennant all can cause halyard wrap.
  • The distance from the halyard exiting the mast to the rotating drum should be less than 15 inches. This allows the halyard to be sloped towards the foil. If a smaller headsail is hoisted, the distance could be several feet and the foil and halyard will be almost parallel. This increases the chance of halyard wrap. To avoid this, attach a pennant to the sail. I prefer placing the pennant at the foot.
  • When stowing the sail, make the wraps neat so wind can not enter but not so tight that the sail is getting crushed.   However, when reefing the wraps should be tight to have a smaller and higher performance luff.

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  • The following diagram from the manual shows grease points. To do this properly the lower furler must be taken apart.   Four screws detach the feeder from the drum. One bolt from the bottom plate. Wash with fresh water and use a brush on the four sets of ball bearings. Then use the Furlex provided grease. Reading the manual somewhere in this process may also be a good idea, as some furlers with durlon ball bearings hate grease. According to a few riggers, 90% of furlex failures are related to boats that have not greased either drum in 10 years. The top drum tends to fail first.

furler

  • Wow, who would have thought that there is so much to discuss on a very basic system? Halyard tension is used to reduce the draft on the sail. Only adjust the halyard with the sail fully deployed. (You knew that!) The trap with a catamaran is that there is a limit to the halyard tension. Since a catamaran lacks a back stay it is possible to add too much halyard.
  • To deploy the genoa should not require a herculean effort. Washing the line organizers or ensuring no twist is in the furling line could solve this problem.

A well-maintained furler and a thorough understanding of its mechanisms can reduce the number of unexpected issues and make a dark and stormy night less scary.

 

A month aboard Two Fish

Enjoy video of a month from French Polynesia to Tonga with stops in Suwarrow and Niue.

Sailing from French Polynesia to Tonga from Two Fish on Vimeo.

Video Tuamotos to Marquesas

Marquesas to Tuamotos from Two Fish on Vimeo.

Moving Parts

It has been a while since I have written a dry blog about Two Fish’s parts and set-up along with lots of numbers and photos.  I can not post many photos because my bandwidth is limited,  but I still can write long technical sentences to satisfy my mechanical friends.

Anchor Set-Up

The boat came with an okay, but not perfect rode for our needs.  We upgraded the system for the Pacific with the goal of being able to anchor in 30 meters with 5 to 1 scope.  We have already anchored in 26 meters.  The old set-up was 35 meters of chain and 30 meters of nylon rode.  The new set-up is 70 meters of chain and 80 meters of nylon rode.  The old chain was unrated, unstamped, heavy but not strong.  Our new chain,  G43 5/16th (WLL 3,900 pounds, 8 mm), received the highest rating from Practical Sailor.  By the foot, it is lighter and stronger than the old chain; this keeps weight out of the bow.  Our anchor is a 33 kg Rocna and we worship at the Rocna altar as it has done a good job of resetting in shifty breezes and swift changing tidal currents. Attached to the anchor we have a Kong anchor swivel, another upgrade from the Antares standard.  It allows twist to come out of the chain when weighing anchor but some consider this a weak point.  Our Kong is rated for more load than the chain and is also tested for horizontal load.  We have a large shackle after the swivel to prevent horizontal loads on the swivel that occur when the chain moves to the side of the anchor . The shackle is stamped and rated number one by Practical Sailor magazine (1/2 inch Titan WLL=4,000 pound).  The shackle is moused with Monel wire.  Next is the chain and then the nylon rode.  To accommodate the smaller but stronger chain we had to change the gypsy on our windlass from a 10mm to an 8mm gypsy.  This size gypsy has the added benefit that it can handle 3/8′ nylon rode much better than the larger 10mm gypsy.

We sleep very well at night on this combination and check the gear regularly.

Floating the rode

float anchor

In a  typical Caribbean anchorage there are vast areas of sand.  The cruising guide will warn that a portion of the bay has coral, but that is usually broken shards of coral with a few tiny heads.  In the Tuamotus, the bottom can be 70 or 80 percent coral.  To anchor, you need to hover over a small spot of sand and then drop the anchor with precision.   We add fenders to float the chain to protect the coral and avoid major fouling of our chain.  We put our first fender at about 1.5 to 2 times the depth we are anchoring in.  Thereafter, we add fenders every 10 meters.  We tie the fenders on before launching the chain and retrieve them as they come up with the chain.  A strong line for attaching the fenders will help support the large weight of the chain.  Divers will find it close to impossible to adjust the fenders after deployment.  The system works well, but not perfectly.   I enjoy standing on the foredeck to see whether my chain has hooked a coral head.  If all is okay, the fenders will be floating in a line. However, if a few fenders are submerged, all is not well with the chain.  If this occurs, either with the engines or a swimmer we will try to fix the fouling.  One time we were too slow, and a fender was gashed by the coral.   In light air this rig can get confused.  Look closely and you can see the fenders floating in front of Two Fish in the photo below.

Floating the chain

Pros:  Good for coral.  Less likelihood of wrapping around coral heads.

Cons:  In a big blow, I would rather be in a place with less coral so that the angle of my rode will not be altered by the floating fenders.

Stern Anchors

I will cut to the chase.  I hate stern anchors but concede that they are useful in certain situations. My hatred of stern anchors is driven by three issues 1) they undermine the bow anchor by preventing the boat from pointing head to wind  2)  the rode leading to the stern anchor can bend stern hand rails or, worse, catch the dinghy propeller, and,  3) I struggle with the deployment and retrieval.

Point number one can be addressed by using the stern anchor in places where the breeze is unlikely to be strong or shifty.  Point number two could be fixed by adding two large U bolts to the inside of the sugar scoops at the stern.  This would copy the bow bridle and eliminate any chance of the rode fouling parts of the boat.  My final short coming could be addressed, like most of my fears, by more practice.

Unlike the bow bridle, the stern bridle needs to be easily adjustable.  With the bow bridle, one can not raise or lower a bit of chain without first detaching the bridle.  To change the main rode length we first raise 6 meters of rode, detach the bridle, adjust rode length, reattach the bridle, and then ease out 6 meters of chain.  This would not work for a stern anchor since the strategy is usually to tighten the stern anchor to keep the boat from swaying.  Instead a system has been created by clever boaters to have the rode (small amount of chain but mostly nylon) attach to the starboard stern cleat.  To keep the rode centered in cross winds a second line that is tied to the port stern cleat is attached to the main rode with a carabiner.  Clear as mud?  I noticed American boats are not as well prepared for stern anchoring as European boats.

Grease the Propeller

Dedicated readers will remember the excitement we experienced when we ran low on propellor grease in Connecticut.   Hoping to avoid another loss of control I decided to grease the props early and often.

Here are the steps I take to add grease underwater.

1)  Prepare grease gun, hex wrench, new screws and grease nipple.

2)  Remove existing grease point screws.  Keeping your propellors clean of barnacles with help in this process.  A wire brush might be required to expose the screw.

3)  Carefully screw grease nipple into one side and leave other side open.

4)  Attach grease gun.  Hold connection firmly.  For every 3 handle clicks rotate the propellor blades three times.  This spreads out the grease.  Stop inserting grease when old grease comes out the open hole.

5)  Remove nipple and replace screws with new screws.  Spend the two bucks on new screws and avoid stripping a very annoying screw.  Job done.

I like the challenge of working under water and Gail likes the fact she can not hear me swear.  During this job three sharks swam by and had no interest.  One remora kept attaching to my leg.  Despite many threats, the fish would not leave.

Genset Temps

Genset Operation Pad

The Onan genset has a reputation for eating impeller blades.  In order to monitor the impeller I track the coolant temparture by Genset load.

No Load (start up):   70 degrees

20 amps:   72 degrees

35 amps:   75 degrees

45 amps:   77 degrees

The temp can vary with sea temp, but hot coolant is a sign that it is time to check the impeller.  This requires a bit of effort but after the first few times the process becomes second hand.  I remove the hoses and check the heat exchanger for the blades while Gail systematically reconstructs the impeller on the salon table.  Good spares for the genset are  (gasket for the heat exchanger, spare water pump and spare water flow sensor).   Friends with the same genset have had all of these fail.   We are replacing the gasket and pump as preventive maintaince next week.

Genset in search of blades

Continuing the topic of the Genset, I recently changed the oil and had another reason to curse the Onan engineers.  The oil cap is located in a very annoying spot and the side panel is very difficult to remove.  What were these guys thinking?  A bit of Two Fish ingenuity and the oil filter was removed.

Self-tacking Jib

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We have been asked whether the self tacking jib is a must-have on a new Antares.  We have sailed with the jib very little but have realised that is a a very powerful tackle.  I mentioned previously that the sheet for the self-tacking jib can be used as a back up anchor windlass.  Two more ideas have come to mind  1)  adjuster for the spinaker tack line, and,  2)  adjuster to fly the tack from a windward hull.   If on the fence, on buying the self-tacker, the flexiblity of having a powerful line on the bow might tip you in favor of buying the rig.

Dive Compressor

Dive compressor

What a joy it is to have a dive compressor.  I dove multiple times a day and refilled with the on board compressor. Only a few atolls have dive shops and they are not always willing to fill tanks.  We sailed thousands of miles to be with the fishes and the dive compressor made it all happen.  The compressor can fill up to 4 tanks at a time and turns off automatically.  The tanks are easy to access since there is space in the rope lockers and the fill is located on deck, making filling easy.

Bilge pump

 

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The bilge pump is key safety gear item on any boat.  Whenever we have a hose, I test the pump by washing the bilge and allowing the pump to remove the water.  Recently, the starboard bilge would only work in manual mode, even after a thorough cleaning.  Before replacing the pump, we rewired the electricty for the sensor but still the pump was not working correctly.   A quick shout to Gail and a new pump appeared.  We cut the wires at the blunt splice and spliced in the new pump.  I am new to splicing but here are a few take aways.  Have a great splicing tool and a sharp wire cutter.  Have a variety of blunt connectors.  It is common that the gauge on the two sides might not match.  Finally, buy the deluxe blunt connectors that have the heat shrink preinstalled.  This will make the connection much stronger and keep it dry.  Splices done by soldering seem to be much weaker.  The best connection is by a bus bar, but this would not have been appropriate for this application.

Starter Batteries

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Our boat has a very clever but sometimes complex (for me) battery switch system.  Instead of the old switch where you can select house or starter or both, it does the work automatically.   I find automatically safe but only if you understand how it works.  Imagine that the starter battery is an island.  Between the island and the house system is a combiner which joins the starter battery to the system when it will receive a beneficial charge (solar, engine alternator or genset); it will disengage the battery when there is a load.  This protects the battery, but hides its condition.  If you start the engine on a sunny day the solar power will show that the batteries are in great shape.  The only proper way to gauge the battery’s status is to isolate the battery for a few hours and then test the voltage or, better yet go to an auto store to have the battery bench tested.  The Tuamotus did not have auto parts stores so I tried the former and my starter batteries indicated that they needed to be replaced.  I decided to pre-order some batteries in Tahiti and during my visit to the Tuamotus, I used the genset to start the engines.  Very easy trick when necessary.  Start the genset on its separate starter battery.  Ensure battery combiners are engaged and genset is producing 12 volts.  Check engine starter batteries for a voltage in excess of 13 volts.  Start engines.  Turn off genset.   If one engine is already running, then no genset is required as the alternator on the running engine will start the other engine.

The ten minute job of installing the new batteries took much longer since the positive terminal did not fit the post, the battery was too high and the strap got stuck.   After a few hours the job was done and now the engines start up instantly.  Good to replace stuff early.

Two Fish Sailing mid ocean

Photos were taken by Hannah of Blue Summit.  Thanks!  They were taken 1,500 miles from any land on our way to the Marquesas.

 

Big Crossing Photos

 

Photo journal of Two Fish’s Pacific crossing from Galapagos to Marquesas

Photos Galore

Day 26 – The canal was easy

Despite predictions from canal veterans, our boat was not crushed by a closing lock door, no one fell overboard to be killed by the strong currents or hungry crocodiles and the two day passage was pleasant and stress free.  The rally folks showed their value as we were never  bogged down with agents, paperwork and fees.

Two hundred meters before the lock, boats nest in pre-arranged sets of three.  Our nest partners were our sister ship Kristal and a small monohull.   The now fifty-five foot wide craft was half the width of the canal so it was a much easier fit than a Panamax ship.  We entered the lock and messengers lines were tossed to Two Fish from canal employees.   The lines had the potential to break our solar panels so we had covered them with cushions.  After the messenger lines landed, we had to tie them to huge lines that had been lent to us by the agent.   The lines are 7/8 of an inch so would not fit through any of Two Fish’s collection of snatch blocks. Instead, we retasked a soft loop to become a fairlead.  This held the line at an angle away from the bow seat.

Lines safely attached, the line handlers on our nest took out the slack as the lock filled with water to raise us up to the height of Gatun Lake.  The canal allows a boat to climb up and then down over the mountains on the isthmus.  After doing this process through three locks, our day was over and we grabbed a large mooring ball for rafting in Gatun Lake.  In the morning, 25 miles of motoring brought us to the down locks.  But before we reached the locks we had to pass the famous Galliard cut.    And before we knew it, we were in the Pacific and lock veterans ready to dispense our own advice regarding what is an easy operation.

Some other boats had a few mishaps.  One dropped anchor by accident while in the lock.  Never found out why.  Another boat had a broken cleat caused by improper line handling.   And another boat had their skipper cut their hand while nesting up.   Not too bad a damage report.  No crocodile deaths!

We did eat very well during our two days in the canal system because we had to feed the canal advisor aboard.  The crew asked him to stay until Australia so we could have great food the whole time. Gail maintains that the galley is more receptive to producing good meals in calm waters.

Next stop Las Perlas islands.